Poland has emerged as a leading figure in the lithium-ion battery industry. PSPA data suggests that it currently occupies the second position globally, trailing only China and surpassing the USA, making it the top performer in Europe.
In 2022, exports of lithium-ion batteries from Poland comprised more than 2.4% of the nation's total exports. The industry's worth skyrocketed from approximately PLN 1 billion in 2017 to PLN 38 billion, marking an almost 38-fold increase.
Battery Manufacturing Capacities in 2022:
China: 893 (77% of the total)
Poland: 73 (6%)
USA: 70 (6%)
Hungary: 38 (3%)
Germany: 31 (3%)
Lithium-ion cells are now the preferred choice for medium to long-distance electric vehicles. As per PSPA, electric vehicle sales globally touched 10.5 million in 2022, a 55% increase from 2021. Projections by Goldman Sachs suggest that by 2030, a third of global vehicle sales could be electric, with the number potentially rising to half in the subsequent five years. In the European Union, electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles account for 22.8% of all vehicles, surpassing diesel vehicles.
Notably, in Poland and for Europe, the LG Energy Solution factory, positioned near Wrocław, stands out as the most significant battery manufacturer. As of now, PAIH reports suggest its production capacity exceeds 100 GWh, with predictions of a two-fold increase in the coming years. LG is investing in expanding its presence in Kobierzyce, aiming to establish the world's largest EV battery manufacturing unit.
Other influential players investing in Poland's battery sector include:
Enchem: Investing PLN 240 million in Kobierzyce and poised to become Europe's sole producer of lithium salt, vital for battery electrolytes.
Northvolt: Recently completed an energy storage and industrial battery production facility.
Umicore: Launched Europe's first cathode material factory in Nysa in 2021.
SK Innovation: Building a new factory in Stalowa Wola to produce copper foils for lithium-ion batteries.
Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Poland, Capchem, Guotai Huarong, and several sub-suppliers like SK Hi-tech, Battery Materials Poland, KET Poland, Foosung, Enchem, and LG Electronics also play crucial roles.
Currently, Poland's prowess is instrumental in reducing Europe's dependency on Chinese-manufactured lithium-ion batteries.
The electromobility investment landscape is blossoming but is not without its challenges. Europe has nearly 50 forthcoming projects that will boost the cell delivery capacity up to 1800 GWh by 2030. Not only Poland, but countries like Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Latvia, and Serbia are also expanding their manufacturing bases.
However, China isn't staying idle. It's extending its reach into Europe, with a massive EUR 7 billion investment slated for a lithium-ion battery plant in Debrecen, Hungary. This establishment might rival LG Energy Solutions in terms of production capacity.
Poland's standing in this domain remains to be seen. Yet, the country's growth hinges on increasing local raw material capacity, a skilled workforce, and innovative supply chain investments.
Another growth avenue is the recycling of lithium-ion batteries, a domain that remains largely untapped and offers tremendous potential.
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